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British Citizenship for EU Citizens After Brexit

UK UKRoute
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British Citizenship for EU Citizens After Brexit
Published Aug 17, 2026
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How Brexit Changed Things

Before Brexit, EU citizens had the automatic right to live and work in the UK. After 31 December 2020, this changed. EU citizens now need to go through the same immigration system as non-EU nationals — unless they have settled or pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme.

Do You Already Have Settled Status?

If you applied to the EU Settlement Scheme and received settled status, you already have Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR). This means you can apply for British citizenship immediately, provided you meet the other requirements.

  • Settled status = ILR equivalent. You can apply for citizenship now.
  • Pre-settled status = Temporary leave. You must convert to settled status first (after 5 years residence).

Path to Citizenship for EU Citizens

Step 1: EU Settlement Scheme (if not already done)

Apply through the EU Settlement Scheme if you have not already. The deadline was 30 June 2021, but late applications may still be accepted if you have reasonable grounds.

Step 2: ILR / Settled Status

You need 5 years continuous residence in the UK. Absences must not exceed 180 days in any 12-month period.

Step 3: Pass the Life in the UK Test

You must pass the Life in the UK Test as part of your citizenship application. Our free practice tests can help you prepare.

Step 4: English Language Requirement

EU citizens are not automatically exempt. You will need to prove English at B1 level (IELTS or equivalent), unless you have a degree taught in English.

Step 5: Apply for Citizenship

Once you have ILR/settled status, have passed the Life in the UK Test, and met the English requirement, you can apply for citizenship. The application fee is £1,580.

Timeline

StageTime Required
EU Settlement SchemeAlready done or apply ASAP
Settled status (after 5 years)5 years from arrival
Life in the UK Test1-2 weeks preparation
Citizenship application6 months processing
Citizenship ceremonyWithin 90 days of approval

Key Differences from Pre-Brexit

  • You now need to apply through the immigration system like everyone else
  • You need to prove English language ability
  • You need to pass the Life in the UK Test
  • The process takes longer and costs more

Start preparing for the Life in the UK Test now with our free practice exams.

General information only — not professional, legal, or financial advice. Always check official sources (such as GOV.UK, NHS, and the NMC) for anything official. Read our disclaimer.

Last reviewed: Official sources: GOV.UK
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UKRoute Editorial Team
Research

Ready to practise for the Life in the UK Test?

Test your knowledge with our free Life in the UK practice exams. Hundreds of questions to help you pass.

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