UK Schools and Education System: A Guide for New Families

Overview of the UK Education System

The UK education system is divided into stages based on age:

Compulsory Education

Education is compulsory from age 5 to 18. However:

• From age 5-16: Must be in full-time education (school, homeschool, or other approved setting)
• From age 16-18: Must be in education, training, or employment with training

School Types

• State schools — Free, funded by the government. Most children attend state schools.
• Academies — State-funded but with more independence from local councils
• Free schools — State-funded schools set up by parents, teachers, or charities
• Grammar schools — State-funded selective schools (entrance exam required)
• Private/Independent schools — Fee-paying (e.g., Eton, Harrow)

Key Examinations

GCSEs (Ages 14-16)

General Certificate of Secondary Education. Taken at the end of Year 11. Subjects include English, maths, science, and chosen options. Grades run from 9 (highest) to 1 (lowest).

A-Levels (Ages 16-18)

Advanced Level qualifications. Usually 3-4 subjects studied in depth. Required for university entry. Grades run from A* (highest) to E (pass).

Enrolling Your Child

1. Contact your local council's admissions team
2. Apply through the council's online portal
3. Provide proof of address, child's birth certificate, and immigration documents
4. For secondary school, applications are usually due by October for September entry

Special Educational Needs

If your child has special educational needs, the school must provide support. An Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) can be requested for children who need additional support.

Understanding the education system is key to settling in the UK. Learn more in our education study guide.