UK Schools: The Education System Explained

Overview of the UK Education System

The UK has a well-structured education system. Education is compulsory for children aged 5 to 16 (and up to 18 if they're in education or training).

School Stages

Types of Schools

State Schools (Free)

Most children in the UK attend state schools, which are free and funded by the government:

• Primary schools — ages 5-11
• Secondary schools — ages 11-16
• Academies — publicly funded but independent of local authority control
• Faith schools — have a religious character

Academies and Free Schools

• Funded by the government but run by academy trusts
• Have more flexibility in curriculum and school hours
• Free schools are a type of academy set up by parents, teachers, or charities

Grammar Schools

• Selective schools that accept children based on academic ability
• Children take an 11-plus exam to gain entry
• Available in some areas of England and Northern Ireland

Independent Schools (Private)

• Charge fees — ranging from a few thousand to over £15,000 per year
• Often called "public schools" (confusingly!)
• Examples: Eton, Harrow, Winchester

How to Enrol Your Child

1. Contact your local council — they'll tell you which schools are in your area
2. Apply for a school place — usually through the council's admissions process
3. Provide documents — proof of address, child's birth certificate, and immigration status
4. Wait for allocation — you'll be told which school your child has been offered

For primary and secondary school, apply well in advance — popular schools fill up quickly.

The School Year

• Starts in early September
• Three terms: Autumn, Spring, Summer
• Half-term holidays in October, February, and May
• Summer holiday: 6 weeks (late July to early September)

Special Educational Needs (SEN)

If your child has special educational needs, the school can provide extra support. Your child may be eligible for an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) for additional support.

Key Facts for New Residents

• Education is free for all children aged 5-16 in state schools
• Your child's immigration status doesn't prevent them from attending school
• Some schools may have waiting lists — apply early
• Contact your local council for help with school placement

For more about living in the UK, see our living in the UK guides.